Viet Nam has made significant progress in both economic and medical indicators over the recent decades. However, many rural communes in Vietnam, particularly the poor, continue to face the difficulties and challenges of development issues. In these challenges, health problems are related to water including infectious diseases such as diarrhea, skin diseases, eye diseases, helminths, and non-infectious diseases such as cancer types, lead poisoning, mercury, arsenic, depression,… Of the community, especially children and people in poor rural communes emerged as a prominent public health problem and disseminated in many localities throughout the country, while the necessary and overall solutions are either not yet available, either there are but very expensive or not yet suitable , the health support models are scattered, small, and ineffective.
According to statistics, currently Vietnam has 87.5% of the rural population used hygienic water, including 49% of residents are using clean water according to QCVN 02:2009/BYT of the Ministry of Health. It is worth saying that the country currently has 16,342 concentrated water supply works, of which only 33.5% of sustainable works, remaining 37.5% on average operation, 16.7% of inefficient operation and 12% of inactive. Fish, mountains and areas, remote areas with 45.2% of water supply are poorly performing or inactive, followed by mountainous north with a ratio of 34.8% and the Red River delta is 18.1%. (Reference Source: Economics and Forecasts)
The Government has also identified the importance of maintaining and protecting people’s health through important texts such as “Environmental protection strategy to 2020 and Vision 2030″ (decision 1216/QD-TTg dated 5/9/2012), “National target program for water and sanitation of rural environment” (decision 366/QD-TTg, Day 31/2/2012), and recently the decision 622/QD-TTg on 10 May 2017 approve and issue the “National Plan of Action implementing the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable development”.
In the National Action Plan on sustainability of the aforementioned prime Minister, people are placed as the center of sustainable Development in order to maximize the human factor as the subject, the principal resource, and also the goal of sustainable development. The blueprint emphasizes the creation of conditions for everyone and every community in society with an equal opportunity to develop, access to common resources, and be involved in contributing and benefitors to create good physical, intellectual, and cultural foundations for the next generation. , make sure nobody is left behind. The blueprint also identifies the technical science as the supporting platform and is the motivation for sustainable development of the country, and in particular focused on the development of modern technology, green, clean, beautiful, and environmentally friendly and prioritised the widespread use of green technologies in the production and life sectors.
Water and health status in some rural areas of Vietnam
Ha Nam is a province located in the Red River Delta, north adjacent to Hanoi, east bordering hung yen and Thai Binh Provinces, south of Ninh Binh Province, south-eastern provinces bordering Nam Binh and the west bordering Hoa Bình province. By 2014, Henan had a total population of 794,300 with a density of 923 people/km2. According to the National environmental report 2012 “Surface water environmental report” with figures cited from the Ministry of Health, Ha Nam ranks 2nd in terms of digestive diseases related to water in the 5 provinces/cities of the Nhue basin and is the province with a proportion of worm infections in primary students in the whole country (100%). Moreover, Yen Lao village belongs to Hoang Tay Commune, Kim the district of the province is known as one of the 10 “cancer villages” in Vietnam, with the number of deaths from cancer accounted for 60% of the total deaths in the commune each year, notably, the incidence of cancer dying gastrointestinal organs occupies the highest (37.5%), the proportion of female cancer in Yen Lao Village 7/8 (87.5%).
Thanh culture is the 3rd most populous province in the country and is a province of poverty in Vietnam. Similar to the Yen Lao village of Henan, according to the report of the Department of Health, the land village, Xa thang commune of Nong Cong district is also known as one of the 10 “cancer villages” has the heaviest source of pollution in Vietnam. On the situation of diarrhea and treatments, reports from the Center for Prevention of the Provincial center of Thanh invoices shows that in 2016, total number of diarrhea and syndrome, are diseases related to the use of unsanitary water is 14,732 CA in which Nong Cong district has 762 acute diarrhea and dysentery syndrome , accounting for 0.25%. Throughout the district the period 1992-2008 recorded more than 292 CA cancer types. Ha Trung District in 2016 there were 352 diarrhea and dysentery syndrome, accounting for 0.29%. Nong Cong and Ha Trung have less than 10% of the population used the water, the rest are using surface water sources, rainwater and well water, especially rural communes in Ha Trung and Nong Cong District 100% of the population have not been used clean water.
Institute of Population, Health and development (PHAD) finds that addressing local health and water challenges can only be solved long-lasting and durable. Through the construction of local capacity as well as strengthening cooperation among local unions in parallel with the application of scientific and technological The state, people, and enterprises work together to contribute to the national goal of the Prime Minister stated in the plan for sustainable development by 2030. Therefore, the PHAD Institute has proposed the project “reducing the proportion of gastrointestinal diseases and improving the health of community-based people in the poor rural areas of Kim table district, Ha Nam, ha Trung District and Nong Cong District, Thanh chemical” with the goal of bringing a community-based model to support and improve health , especially reduction of gastrointestinal diseases and diseases related to the water of the population in poor rural areas of Vietnam.
